SOL-GEL法制有机聚合物/无机纳米粒子复合材料

Preparation of composite materials of organic polymers and inorganic nano-particles by sol-gel process

归纳了SOL -GEL法制有机 /无机纳米复合材料 (ONIC)的复合方法 ,如 :有机聚合物存在下形成无机相纳米粒子 ;无机纳米相存在下进行有机单体聚合 ;无机溶胶与有机聚合物溶液共混 ,再凝胶化 ;用杂交法将有机单体与无机溶胶同步聚合形成互贯网络。这种复合材料的最大结构特点是微区的大小在纳米尺寸范围内 ,也可是互相贯穿的 ,其材质是高度透明的 ,耐热、热分解温度和力学强度比纯聚合物有较大的提高。

This paper reviews the synthesis methods for composite materials of organic polymers and inorganic nano-particles by the sol-gel process. The principal synthesis methods are as follows: the inorganic nano-particles are formed in the condition of existing organic polymers; the monomers are polymerized in the condition existing inorganic nano-particle phase; the inorganic sol and organic polymer solution are blended, and then gelled; the simultaneous interpenetrating polymer net-work is formed with the organic monomer and inorganic sol by the hybrid process. The composite materials have many significant structure characteristics, such as, its micro-phase area is in nano-meter size and interpenetrating; the material is extremely transparent; the thermo-tolerance, the decomposition temperature and the mechanical strength of composite materials are more improved compared with that of the pure polymer.