论组织(企业)理论中“个人自由”的意义与价值

The Significance and Value of "Individual Freedom" in the Organization(Enterprise)Theory

主流经济学的企业理论与组织理论,特别是新古典的厂商理论和新制度学派的契约理论,一个极其重大的缺陷是偏离对个人自由的关注。从本源的意义看,个人需要组织的最终动力与最终目标并不是效率,而是为了拓展实现个人自由的空间,提升个人实现"实质自由"的"可行能力";但是,组织也极有可能异化成为禁锢个人自由的工具。因此,如何防止组织从拓展个人自由的制度安排异化成为禁锢个人自由的制度安排,应该是组织理论中最为核心的问题之一。

In enterprise theory and organization theory, one of mainstream economics, especially the neoclassical firm theory and the contract theory of new institutional eco- nomics, there is an extremely significant deficiency, that is, the deviation from the attention to individual freedom. From the perspective of the origin, the ultimate power and goal of individual＇s need for the organization is not for efficiency, but to expand the space of realizing individual freedom, and to enhance individual＇s capability available to achieve ＂real freedom＂; however, the organization could likely become the tool of imprisoning individual freedom. Therefore, how to prevent organizations from becoming the institutional arrangements of imprisoning individual freedom, should be one of the most central issues in organization theory.