《近思录》所见北宋四子的政治思想

Neo-Confucianists' Political Thought in Reflections on Things at Hand

本文从《近思录》文本出发,釐清北宋四子政治思想的内在理路,即如何发现个人身上的"天道性命之贯通"以及如何在面向个人和群体的生活中去实现它,由此达到内圣外王的统一,成就圣贤气象。在这一政治理路下,士人出处进退,进行政治实践,应以诚为本,以民为重。四子皆认为要从根本上解决在位者的德性问题,以使治统和道统相符,同时还必须重视政治改革与制度建设。四子政治思想显示出儒家政治思想的延续性和不同于纯粹"内向"义理之学的儒家思想面貌,对当今的政治实践仍有可资借鉴的重要意义。

On the basis of analyzing the specific text of Reflections on Things at Hand （Jinsilu）, this paper figures out the synopsis and inner structure of the political thoughts of the four masters Zhou Dunyi, Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi and Zhang Zai who were also called Neo-Confucianists in Northern Song dynasty. The political thoughts of the four masters is that, a profound person （Junzi） must realize that human nature is imparted from heaven and need fully participate in the creative process of the cosmos to achieve the goal of the unification of inner sageliness and outer kingliness. Under this political characteristic, a profound person in his political practice should also be sincere and behave from the angle of common people. In order to cultivate the virtue of the incumbent, the four masters think that, political reform and institution building need to be emphasized. The political thoughts of the four masters present the continuity of Confucian political thoughts and reveal the Confucian thoughts which are different from the pure ＂inner＂ theory of philosophy and ethics. The political thoughts of the four masters have great significance to present political practice.