近代苏南义庄的经营管理制度

The Management System on the Yizhuang of Southern Jiangsu in the late Qing and Republican Era

义庄得以长期存续并不断发展,自有其内在的历史因素及社会根源。而依托浓厚的宗法伦理文化,制定较为完善的经营管理制度,也是其富有生命力的一个重要因素。义庄选拔家族精英,管理庄祠,经营庄产,并建立严密的监督制约机制,藉以保障义庄功能持续地发挥和规模不断地壮大。传统义庄一般依靠租息的积累,不断增殖土地,从而扩大再生产的规模。近代以降,部分苏南义庄出现将资产向商业领域拓殖的趋势,呈现多元化经营格局。

The long-term survival and development of the yizhuang had its own historical factors and social roots,but relying on the ethical culture and formulating a relatively perfect management system were also an important factor.Yizhuang selected family elite who managed the ancestral hall and estate,establishing an effective supervision and restriction mechanism,so as to play yizhuang function continuously and expand yizhuang scale unceasingly.Traditional yizhuang generally relied on rent and interest accumulation to proliferate land continuously,thereby expanding the production scale.Since 1840,the yizhuang began to transfer assets to the commercial field and showed diversified management pattern.