近代旅京冀州五金商人的商业利润初探

Initial Exploration on the Commercial Profit of Jizhou Hardware Businessman in Modern Beijing

利润与利润率的高低是衡量一个行业或行业内商铺发展的重要指标。本文对旅京冀州五金商人①的商业利润与利润率变动、利润分配、利润流向等问题进行探讨,认为五金业利润水平在北京(甚至全国)众多行业中应该算是盈利较高者;东家分得利润总是多于人力股持有者,且普通店员所得甚少;商铺利润抗战前主要流于商业投资方面,抗战(尤其1941年后)时则将利润多用在买那些以出租为目的的房屋方面,未见投资于工业生产,说明传统北京五金商人的近代化意识落后于津沪同业。

The level of profit and profit margin is a measure or an indicator of the development of an industry or shops.We will discuss the commercial profit and profit rate,distribution of profits,flowing direction of profits of Jizhou hardware businessman in modern Beijing.The profit level of hardware industry should be regarded as higher than other trades in Beijing(even the whole country).The stockholders' share of the profits were always more than human stock holders,and the general staffs received it very little.Before the War of Resistance Against Japan,shops' profits mainly flowed down business investment,however stockholders had returned to buy houses which were mainly used for rent during the war(especially after 1941),rather than the investment in industrial production.It showed that the modern consciousness of hardware businessmen in traditional Beijing had failed behind the same industry in Tianjin and Shanghai.