借法异域:1874年台湾漂民案中的国际法话语建构

By Exotic Law: International Law Discourse Construction in the Case of Taiwan Drifters in 1874

在1874年台湾漂民案中,知识精英和东南督宪借助奏折、照会和报刊等介质,首次在晚清外交中构建起国际法话语圈。论者广泛援引万国公法,形成诸如强调领土不容侵越、属地原则下番地自治、指责日本踞台及索赔、禁止局外对日援助、保护在日华侨、请求国际仲裁之类的观点和建议。公法舆论不仅迎合了清政府"或谕以情理,或示以兵威"的对日交涉策略,而且呼应甚或引导政府决策与军事外交。以天下体系为圭臬,晚清中国对国际法采取选择性采择,内在地削减了由"实效管辖论"所造成的国际公法与天下体系之间的紧张与张力,展现了东西方国际秩序之间的对话与沟通。

In the case of Taiwan Drifters in 1874, the intellectual elites and southeast governors built international circle of discourse for the first time by memorials, notes, and newspapers and other media in the late Qing Dynasty diplomacy. Com- mentators widely cited international law and formed the views and suggestions such as no aggression against territorial integrity, the autonomy under the principle of territoriality, accusation Japan of occupation of Taiwan and their claims for it, a ban on outside aid of Japan, the protection of overseas Chinese living in Japan as well as the request for international arbitration. The public opinion not only catered to the Qing government＇ s negotiation strategies of ＂either by reasoning or by military forces＂, but also echoed or guided the government policy and military diplomacy. With the world system as a standard, China in the late Qing Dynasty adopted the selective choice of international law and internally reduced the stress and tension between the interna- tional law and the world system caused by the ＂Theory of Effective Jurisdiction＂, which demonstrated the dialogue and commu- nication between the East and West of the international order.