中美典型水文模型比较研究

Intercomparison of typical hydrological models developed by China and United States

流域水文模型是以一个流域作为基本研究单元,以流域水文循环的整体过程作为模拟对象的模型。流域水文模型在进行水文规律的探讨和解决水文及生产实际问题中起着重要的作用。分别介绍中国新安江模型、河北雨洪模型和垂向混合模型这三种典型模型以及美国的三种典型模型:萨克拉门托模型、VIC模型和SWAT模型,并对中国与美国流域水文模型的功能、结构、时间尺度、水源划分、产流机制、汇流计算、模型特点等不同方面进行了比较分析。总结了这6种模型存在的问题并对模型进一步的改进作了分析及展望,将有助于推动流域水文模型的进一步发展及广泛应用。

Hydrologic model usually takes a river basin as the basic research unit, and aims at modeling the whole hydrologic cycle over such a unit. It plays an important role in exploring hydrological law and in solving practical hydrological problems. This paper introduces three hydrological models developed in China, including the Xinanjiang model, Hebei rainfall flood model, and the vertical hybrid model; also summarizes three typical models used in United States, including the Sacramento model, VIC model, and SWAT model. Intercomparisons were made between the Chinese and the US hydrological models in model structure, function, time scale, water division, runoff mechanism, convergence estimation, and so on. The existing problems of these six models were pointed out, and further potential improvements and future prospects for theses models were advised. It is expected that this review would help promote the development of hydrologic model and extend their utilizations.