2012年我国气象灾害特征分析

Characteristics of meteorological disasters in China during 2012

基于对2012年我国水灾、风灾、旱灾、冻灾和雪灾共5种气象灾害发生频次及受灾情况的统计,系统分析了各灾害发生频次的时空格局特征,并探讨了各省气象灾害损失的差异性。结果表明:(1)2012年我国气象灾害具有明显的突发性、异常性和不确定性。(2)水灾、风灾和旱灾是2012年对我国影响最大的3种气象灾害。(3)水灾主要集中在华北地区南部以及长江流域,风灾主要集中在华北、西北和西南地区,旱灾主要集中在华北和华中地区,而冻灾和雪灾主要发生在我国华北、东北和西北地区;上述5种灾害的高发期分别为7月、6月、3-6月、9月和11-1月。(4)2012年我国各省气象灾害损失存在明显的地域性差异,水灾和风灾是造成我国各省气象灾害损失的主要灾害类型,其中四川、河北、湖南、甘肃和北京为我国气象灾害经济损失重灾区,四川、云南和甘肃是死亡人口重灾区。

Based on statistics of frequencies and damage situation of flood, windstorm, drought, freezing and snow disasters in China during 2012, this paper analyzes the spatiotemporal characteristics of the 5 meteorological disaster frequencies, and then discusses the differences of disaster losses in each province. The conclusions can be drawn as follows ： （ 1 ） The meteorological disasters in China during 2012 has obvious characteristics of burstiness, abnormality and uncertainty. （2） Flood, windstorm and drought are three of the most serious meteorological disasters in 2012. （3）The most serious floods are in July, concentrate mainly in southern part of north China and the Yangtze River Basin; the windstorm disaster prevails in June, gathers largely in north China, northwest and southwest China; the drought disaster occurs seriously in March to June, concentrates mainly in north and central China; the freezing disaster happens mostly in September, the snow disaster occurs mainly in November, December and January, the worst-hit area is both in north, northeast and northwest China. （4）The regional differences of meteorological disasters losses are significant in each province. Most parts of the country suffer heavily from flood and windstorm disasters, economic losses are the most serious in Sichuan, Hebei, Hunan, Gansu and Beijing, deaths are the most serious in Sichuan, Yunnan and Gansu.