从价值解释到价值批判——价值哲学的性质及其路径反思

From Axia Interpretation to Axia Critique ——Reflection on the Nature and Way of Axiology

原有的观点认为价值定义揭示了价值的先天本质或是一种共性归纳。但"价值"就是共相,价值定义中的"是"并非表达价值和谓词的同一性,而是揭示了切入价值问题的路径,提出了理解整个价值世界的价值模型,表达了研究者核心的价值关切和价值立场。在广义价值哲学的视野下,整个哲学的核心关切是价值问题。如果作为价值哲学起点的价值定义不过是研究者自身的核心价值关切和价值立场,价值哲学、以及整个哲学的必要性何在呢?如何使价值哲学以及整个哲学超越于消极意义上的个人私见?自觉的价值哲学的核心任务是价值解释、价值批判、价值弘扬,价值批判提供了价值哲学超越单纯个人价值呼吁的可能性,是价值哲学工作的重心所在。价值批判一项重要的任务是对价值模型的批判分析。主客体需要关系说的价值模型是功利价值模型,它的流行有深刻的时代理由,时代的发展也提供了超越它的价值理由,而超越的方式首先在于超越其价值模型。

The previous view hold that the definition of value uncovered the essence of value,or it was a universal induction. However, value is universal itself, and the ＂ be＂ in an expression of so-called definition should not be considered to indicate the identity between value and the predicate, but should be counted as the entrance of inquires to understand the value model of the value world,and to express the researcher＇s core value concern and value standpoint. From the perspective of generalized value philoso- phy,the essence of philosophy is the issue of value. Why should value philosophy,and then the whole philosophy be needed,if the definition of value were merely the researcher＇s core value concern and value standpoint？ How could value philosophy and then the whole philosophy exceed the state of personal o- pinions？ There are three key tasks for the self-conscious value philosophy： interpretation, criticism and promotion. Value criticism, which is the main focus of value philosophy, provides the possibility of excee- ding the mere personal value call. One important task of value criticism is to analyze and criticize value model. The value model under the relationship between subjective necessity and objective necessity is of utility,which is popular due to profound reasons. And the development of time also provides reasons to exceed its value in the way of exceeding its value model at first.