多民族政治体制确立新证——基于《史记》和《汉书》天文史料的对比研究

New Proofs of the Establishment of Multi-ethnic Political System ——Based on the Comparative Study of Historical Data of Astronomy between Shiji and Hanshu

星野观是我国历史上影响深远的思想方法之一,它导源于"天人合一"的儒学理念。其要点是说,地上的地域空间,包括行政区划在内,必然与天上的特定星宿一一对应,也与时间的进程相匹配。由于星野观对维护国家统一作用巨大,各朝正史及各地地方志均编有"天文志"和"星野志",以此综合揭示社会的特征,其中也必然包括各民族平等意识。因而,凭借这样的特殊史料,去认证多民族政治体制在中华大地确立的具体时代,不失为一种新的尝试。通过对《史记》和《汉书》天文史料的对比,最终可以确认,多民族政治体制在我国历史上的确立发端于西汉王朝的鼎盛时代,也就是《史记》成书的时代。

＂View of Stars and Fields ＂ is an influential ideology in Chinese history, which is originated from the Confucius concept of ＂Unity of Man and Nature＂. The main point of the view is that regional space,including administrative division,should be in one-to-one correspondence with a particular star in the sky as well as the time process. Due to its tremendous impact on maintaining national unity,＂chroni- cles of astronomy＂ and ＂chronicles of fields and stars＂ are recorded in government and local chronicles in various dynasties to reveal social characteristics, including sense of equality among different ethnic groups. With the help of such special historical data,it is a new attempt to identify the specific time when the multi-ethnic political system was established in China. By comparing the historical data of astronomy in Shiji（The Historical Records）and Hanshu （Book of Han）,it may be affirmed that the multi-ethnic po- litical system was indeed established in China in the most prosperous time of the Western Han Dynasty （206B. C-A. D. 24） ,when Shiji was written.