日语拟声、拟态词中发音和表达效果异同研究

Similarities and Differences in the Pronunciation and Expressiveness between Onomatopoeia and Mimesis in Japanese

日语的拟声词、拟态词是日本人根据日语的语音特点创造出来的,在其产生过程中受到了社会心理习惯、文化传统的重大影响。它数量庞大,出现频率高,报纸杂志上随处可见,广播电视节目里不绝于耳。但是汉语中拟声、拟态词却并不是特别发达,所以对于学习日语的中国学生来说,拟声、拟态词无疑是他们学习的一大难题。基于此,本文拟从日语母音、子音的象征效果和清浊音的对立两方面总结、分析拟声、拟态词的发音和表达效果之间的一些规律,希望对日语学习者在拟声、拟态词学习方面有所帮助。

Onomatopoeic and mimetic words in Japanese are created by the Japanese people based on their phonetic features, whose emergence has been significantly influenced by a number of social, cultural and psychological factors. Given their large number and high frequency in everyday use, especially in light of their omnipresence in Jap- anese newspapers, television and radio programs, such words are a must for Chinese learners. However, due to the fact that the phenomenon of onomatopoeia and mimesis is not that abundant in the Chinese language, Chinese learners of Japanese, more often than not, find it hard to master Japanese onomatopoeic and mimetic words. Under such circumstances, this paper presents a summary of the laws or techniques guiding the pronunciation and expressive effect of Japanese onomatopoeic and mimetic words from such aspects as the symbolic effect of Japanese vowels and consonants as well as the dichotomy between the unvoiced and voiced sounds in Japanese, with a view to helping Chinese learners master onomatopoeia and mimesis in their Japanese learning process.