城市边缘区空间发展探讨--以北京市海淀区为例

Spatial Development of Urban Fringe:A Case Study of Haidian District,Beijing

在快速城镇化时期,城市边缘区是城市扩张过程中空间结构变化最大、土地利用转变最快的地区,以过渡性、复杂性、动态性为突出特征。研究城市边缘区的空间演变对认识城镇化、优化城市空间结构等具有重要意义。本文在总结海淀区空间发展历史渊源的基础上,采用了RS/GIS技术对20世纪80年代以来海淀城市边缘区的范围、空间扩张进行了定量分析;并结合系统论方法,探索影响海淀城市边缘区空间演变的若干因素。研究发现:海淀城市边缘区空间发展有独特的地理优势和文化渊源,且在政策、经济、人口、交通等因素的综合作用下,处于不断动态变化之中;呈现出沿环线不规则分布、边界由清晰变模糊、整体向西北推移的空间特征;总面积逐渐增加、年扩张速率先升后降;1995-2007年以向外扩张为主,其他阶段以内部填充型发展为主;空间分布及扩张强度在不同乡镇街道具有区域差异性等。本文将RS/GIS技术与系统分析相结合,来研究城市边缘区相关问题的技术可行性。

In a period of rapid urbanization, the urban fringe changes most in the spatial structure and changes fastest in land-use with the urban expansion process, being characteristic in transitivity, dynamics and complexi-ty. Studying on spatial evolution of urban fringe areas is of great significance for understanding urbanization and optimizing urban space structure. Based on summarizing the historical origins of Haidian District space develop-ment, this paper empirically analyzes the space expansion of urban fringe in Haidian District since the 1980s, by using RS/GIS technology. Combined with systems theory, it approaches to explore the factors which affect the space evolution of urban fringe in Haidian District. This study finds that, the spatial development of Haidian Dis-trict has a unique geographical advantage and cultural origins, which is constantly moving and changing, under the effect of economy, population, transportation, policy and other factors combined, featured in irregular distri-bution along the ring road, more blurring boundary, overall moving to the northwest, annual growth rate first in-creased and then decreased while total area is increasing, expanding outwards mainly from 1995 to 2007 while internal filled mainly in other phases of development, regional differences such as spatial distribution and expan-sion intensity of different townships having different characteristics. This paper empirically verifies technical fea-sibility of using RS/GIS techniques, combined with systems theory to study issues related to the urban fringe. With the use of RS/GIS techniques for data collection and analysis, it improves scientificity and credibility of the research owing to a relatively objectivity, and providing direct support to the analysis on spatial evolution charac-teristics and influencing factors.