基于GIS-LCA的能源植物黄连木开发环境潜力评估

Assessment of Bioenergy Potential of Pistacia chinensis in China Based on GIS and Life Cycle Analysis

能源植物开发利用是应对能源问题和全球变化的有效途径之一,准确的资源潜力及时空分布信息是资源规划和相关科学研究的重要基础。本文提出了耦合地理信息系统(GIS)空间分析与生命周期分析(LCA)进行能源植物开发利用潜力评估的技术方法,以黄连木为例进行研究。基于土地利用数据、遥感数据、气象数据、土壤数据,以及黄连木的生态习性,采用多因子综合评价方法,建立了1km空间栅格数据的黄连木种植适宜性综合评价模型,获取了适宜于黄连木规模化种植的土地资源与空间分布;另外,采用LCA方法对黄连木开发利用主要环节的温室气体排放进行了定量估算。结果表明,我国可用于发展黄连木的边际土地总量为1989.76万hm2,其中,适宜黄连木生长的土地面积为710.32万hm2,较适宜黄连木生长的土地面积为1279.44万hm2,总温室气体减排潜力为2544.46万t。同时,较之于传统的区域总体统计值的结果,空间栅格的评估方法可为科学决策提供更为精细的数据支撑。

Fossil fuel shortages and environmental pollution problems are worsening, while globally, countries are actively seeking alternative energy sources. As an important renewable energy, bio-fuel （including bio-fuel ethanol and biodiesel） has attracted extensive attention of governments and enterprises throughout the world. De-velopment and utilization of energy plants is one effective way to deal with energy issues and global change, and accurate information resource potential and the spatial and temporal important distribution is a foundation for re-source planning and related research. The main objective of this paper is to establish an operational method for comprehensive evaluating biodiesel potential of Pistacia chinensis in China by combining GIS with life cycle analysis （LCA）. Geographic Information System （GIS） is adopted as a tool to process spatial data from different sources, and establish the integrated multiple factors model. Meanwhile, LCA is used to evaluate the GHG emis-sion from Pistacia chinensis plantation, yield acquisition, production, and product use through to post-process-ing. First, the potentiality, degree and spatial distribution of marginal land resources suitable for Pistacia chinen-sis planting are determined. Next, LCA-based analytical model of GHG emission reduction potential of biodiesel produced from Pistacia chinensis is established. By this means, the analysis and appraisal of maximum net GHG emission reduction potential of biodiesel from Pistacia chinensis can be achieved, thus offering technical meth-ods and typical cases for analysis of development potentials and environmental benefits of biofuels derived from energy plants. The results indicate that total area of marginal land exploitable for development of Pistacia chinen-sis is about 19.90 million hm2, which is made up of the suitable area 7.10 million hm2 and the fairly suitable area 12.79 million hm2. And the total greenhouse gas emission reduction potential is 2.55 million tons per year.