太平天国史观的历史语境解构--兼论国民党与洪杨、曾胡之间的复杂纠葛

A Deconstruction of the Historical Discourse of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom's View of History——With a Discussion of the Complex Entanglements of the Guomingdang with Hong Xiuquan and Yang Xiuqing,and with Zeng Guofan and Hu Linyi

太平天国浓厚的民族革命色彩主要是由后人涂抹上去的,孙中山领导的国民革命揭橥民族主义大旗,并将其思想渊源追溯到太平天国及元明革命,故民国以后,太平天国民族革命史观得到了广泛认同。然而在20世纪30年代初,一股"曾国藩热"又开始兴起,有关曾国藩的评价成为国共两党意识形态纷争的焦点之一。曾国藩的价值被重新发现和承认,一方面是国民党从革命党向执政党的立场转变造成的,另一方面与30年代的文化保守主义思潮也存在着明显的因果关系。虽然国民党有意识地继承了曾、胡的文化立场,但同时仍以太平天国革命事业的继承者自居,并坚持其传统的太平天国史观。国民党与洪杨、曾胡之间的纠葛是一个相当复杂的问题,并非人们所想象的那种非此即彼的关系。至于国民党有意淡化它的民族革命传统与太平天国之间的渊源关系,则已是1949年以后的事情。

The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom's strong national revolutionary color was mainly painted on by later generations.The revolution led by Sun Yat-sen flew the standard of nationalism,and traced its ideological origins back to the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and to the revolution in the late Yuan and early Ming dynasties.Therefore,after the establishment of the Republic,the historical view of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom as a national revolution won widespread recognition.However,starting in the early 1930s,a 'Zeng Guofan craze' began to rise,and evaluations of Zeng Guofan became one of the foci of the ideological debates between the Guomindang and the Chinese Communist Party.The values of Zeng Guofan were rediscovered and recognized.On the one hand,this was brought about by the Guomindang's transformation from a revolutionary Party to a ruling Party.One the other hand,there was an obvious causal relationship with the cultural conservatism of the 1930s.Though the Guomindang consciously carried on the cultural positions of Zeng Guofan and Hu Linyi,it still regarded itself as the heir to the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom's revolutionary cause,and maintained its traditional historical view about the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.The Guomindang's entanglement with Hong Xiuquan and Vang Xiuqing on the one hand,and Zeng Guofan and Hu Linyi on the other,was complex,not the sort of either-or relationship that people have imagined.It was only after 1949 that the Guomindang began to consciously weaken the deep relationship between its origin and the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.