新疆越冬代马铃薯甲虫出土规律及其影响因子分析

Emergence mechanism and the factors influencing overwintering Colorado potato beetle in Xinjiang,China

为进一步揭示环境因子对马铃薯甲虫成虫越冬出土的影响，运用ArcGIS软件的空间分析工具，研究了越冬代成虫出土后的空间分布格局，同时比较了土壤温度、湿度对其出土规律的影响。结果显示，越冬代马铃薯甲虫成虫出土后主要聚集在刚出土的马铃薯苗上，拥挤度指标（m^＊/m）为1.83，呈聚集分布。2011、2012年乌鲁木齐市马铃薯甲虫出土的起点温度分别为10.6 ℃和13.0 ℃，而2011年察布查尔县起点温度为14.6 ℃，且逐日出土虫量与土壤温度呈线性正相关。5月降水量大的年份马铃薯甲虫出土较早。研究表明，土壤温、湿度是影响马铃薯甲虫越冬代成虫出土活动的重要因素。

To reveal the effects of environmental factors on the emergence of overwintering Colorado potato beetle （CPB）, this study investigated the spatial pattern of CPB emergence by using IDW interpolation tools with the software ArcGIS, and also compared the effects of several environmental factors, including temperature, soil moisture and monthly precipitation on the CPB individual emergence activity. The results showed that the overwintering CPB adults gathered around the newly unearthed potato plants, with a crowding index （m＊/m） of 1.83, indicating that the CPB population pattern was of aggregated type during their emergence period. The threshold temperatures for CPB adult emergence in Urumqi City were 10.6 ℃ and 13.0 ℃ in 2011 and 2012, respectively, and 14.6 ℃ in Qapqal County in 2011. And there was positive linear correlation between the daily amount of emerged individuals and soil temperature. Moreover, the threshold time for CPB emergence was earlier when there was more rain in May, indicating that precipitation accelerated the activities of CPB. Overall, the study showed that the soil temperature and moisture played key roles in CPB emergence.