中国农村12～17岁中学生忽视状况分析

State of neglect among middle school students aged 12-17 years in rural areas of China

目的了解中国农村在校中学生受忽视状况，为改善学生受忽视现状和促进健康发展提供科学依据。方法根据多阶段分层整群抽样原则，随机抽取9个省、直辖市中28个县共8252名12—17岁在校中学生，男女比例均衡。采用“中国农村12一17岁中学生忽视评价常模”中规定的量表进行问卷调查。应用SPSS13．0软件对数据进行统计学描述、Х^2检验、方差分析等统计学处理。结果中国农村12—17岁中学生总忽视率为47．3％，总忽视度为（49．40±9．48），不同学段与不同性别学生忽视率与忽视度差异均有统计学意义（P值均〈0．05）；不论按性别或是年级分组，12—17岁中学生在忽视的6个层面忽视率差异均有统计学意义（P值均〈0．05），但男生和女生在情感、安全和社会忽视层面上以及初中生和高中生在情感忽视上的忽视率与忽视度差异均无统计学意义（P值均〉0．05）。不同家庭类型中学生忽视率与忽视度差异均有统计学意义（P值均〈0．05）。结论中国12—17岁农村中学生受忽视状况严重。家庭、学校与社会应共同加强对农村中学生的关注并付诸于行动。

Objective To understand middle school students＇ neglect status in rural area, and to provide basis for impro- ving the neglect status and promoting their healthy development. Methods According to the principle of multi-stage stratified clus- ter sampling, a total of 8 252 middle school students aged 12-17 years were extracted from 28 counties in nine provinces/munici- palities randomly. Proceed questionnaire survey was conducted by the scale from ＂ Neglect Evaluation Norms for Middle School Students aged 12-17 years in Rural Areas of China＂, and data were analyzed by statistical description, chi-square test and variance analysis analyzed by SPSS 13.0 statistical software. Results The total neglect rate was 47.3%, total neglect degree was 49.40± 9.48 of middle school students aged 12-17 years in China＇s rural. The significant statistical difference was found in the neglect rate and neglect degree ofdifferent grade and different gender groups （ P〈0.05 ）. Whether by gender or grade group, there were signifi- cant difference in neglect rate of middle schoolstudents aged 12 to 17 years in the six aspects of neglect（ P〈0.05 }, but there were no significant difference on the emotional, safety, and social neglect level in neglect rate between the boy and the girl, and there were no significant difference on the emotional level in neglect rate and neglect degree between middle and high school students（ P 〉0.05 ）. The significant difference was found in neglect rate and neglect degree in different family type （ P〈0.05 ）. Conclusion The neglect status of Chinese middle school students aged 12-17 years is serious. Family, school and society should strengthen the attention to rural middle school students and joint action, promoting their healthy development.