中原经济区5省高校新生体质健康状况动态分析

Physical fitness of college freshmen from 5 provinces in central China

目的了解中国中原经济区高校新生健康状况，为高校与中学体育课程的衔接以及高校阳光体育活动的开展提供参考。方法抽取2008-2012年中原经济区山东、安徽、河北、山西、河南10所高校22642名新生样本的体质健康测试数据，依据《国家体质健康标准》，运用单因素方差分析和Х^2检验等方法进行统计分析。结果2008-2012年学生体重呈上升趋势，肺活量和耐力均呈下降趋势（P值均〈0．05）。男、女生总得分的不及格率均呈下降趋势，超重和肥胖学生增加，低体重和营养不良学生减少；耐力素质男生的优秀率和女生的不及格率均呈下降趋势（P值均〈0．05）；肺活量体重指数的优秀率和不及格率均呈上升趋势（P值均〈0．05）；立定跳远男女生均值区间分别为（227．1—228．5），（172．2—174．4）cm，年份间差异无统计学意义（P值均〉0．05）。结论中原经济区5省高校新生的整体体质健康状况较好，肥胖和耐力是需要重视的问题。应采取措施提高学生的身体素质。

Objective To understand physical fitness among college freshmen from 5 provinces in central China, and to provide reference data for physical education in high schools and universities. Methods Physical fitness data of 5 000 freshman from 10 universities in 5 provinces in central China during 2008 to 2012 were combined and analyzed. National Standards of Physi- cal Fitness among Students was used as reference norm to evaluate physical fitness. Data was analyzed with one-way ANOVA and chi-square test. Results During 2008 to 2012 mean body weight among college freshmen increased, while vital capacity and en- durance decreased （P〈0. 05）. Failure rates of physical fitness test decreased with overweight and obese prevalence increased and underweight or malnutrition rate decreased. Proportion of students who have excellent endurance test score decreased in both boys and girls in 2008 to 2012. Proportion of students who have excellent vital capacity increased in both boys and girls in 2008 to 2012. There were no significant differences in standing broad jump （ P〉0. 05 ）. Conclusion Although college freshmen in central China perform well in physical fitness test, much attention should be paid on obesity and endurance capacity.