“看的德育”:在场的缺席——一项普通初中教师德育观念的质性研究

The Moral Education Characterized by ‘Kan':The Attending Absence: A Qualitative Study on Junior High School Teachers' Views on Moral Education

研究聚焦于一所普通初中教师的德育观念,通过田野调查发现:教师的德育观念可以概括为"看"(kān),其现实形态主要表现为看着学生"不出事"、"不犯错"。为实现这两个目标,教师们进行了"全天候""零死角"的监管,并制定了相应的奖惩制度,动员了部分学生与家长共同参与。此种"看"的德育观念,实质上是一种消极的、防范性的德育立场。教师对于德育责任的推卸,对于德育本质认识的偏差和对于德育过程的简单把握皆源于一种"在场却缺席"的德育立场,即教师们以看似在场的德育姿态使真正的德育缺席于现实的教育生活之中。其后果不仅是淹没了学生的主体性,更是从根本上消解了教师德育的自觉性和主体地位。

The research examined teachers＇ views on moral education in an ordinary junior high school. The results show that the characteristic of those school teachers＇ moral education views is ＇Kan＇, which means that they look after their students to keep them from danger and mistakes by accompanying them wherever they go the whole day. They make rules of award and punishment and encourage the participa- tion of some students and parents in the students＇ supervision. To some extent, the view of ＇Kan~ is pas- sive and conservative. The teachers shrink from their responsibility, misunderstand the essence of moral education and use the simple methods in moral education. All those show the feature of ＇Attending Ab- sence＇. It seems that they attend the school and work hard, but the truth is that they are absent in the real educational life. The consequence is that the teachers undermine the students＇ autonomy and fundamental- ly eliminate their self-consciousness and dominant role in moral education.