哈扎尔的犹太化及其后果

On Judaization of Khazar Khanate and the Effect

哈扎尔曾是南俄草原上一支突厥部落,最初信奉原始的萨满教。7-9世纪期间,哈扎尔人在摆脱西突厥统治后建立独立汗国并皈依犹太教,成为中世纪唯一信奉犹太教的国家。哈扎尔犹太化加快了汗国文明化步伐,使之成为中世纪南俄草原上与拜占庭帝国、阿拉伯帝国相抗争的"第三股"势力,在某种程度上奠定了现今欧亚文明圈的格局;哈扎尔犹太化还补充了犹太民族队伍,丰富了东欧民族成份的谱系;犹太化的哈扎尔汗国在促进东西方文化交流和传承犹太文明方面也做出了独特的贡献。

Khazar was one of Turkic tribes on the Southern Russian steppe, initially believing in Shamanism, the primitive polytheism. During the 7th and 8th centuries, Khazars established an independent Khanate after their freedom from the rule of the Western Turks and became the independent country that deemed Judaism as its national religion in the Middle Ages. It was this Judaization that speeded up Khazar＇s development in its social civilization, making Khazar Khanate ＂the third＂ force capable of confronting Byzantine and Arab Empire on the Southern Russian steppe in the Middle Ages, thus to some extent creating the modern structure of the Eurasian civilization zone. In addition, the Judaization helped to enlarge the numbers of Jewish members, enrich the ethnic compositions of Eastern European lineage and promote the cultural communications between the East and the West in the Asia-Europe area.