世界优秀女子铅球运动员竞技表现过程的稳定性研究

Stability of Athletic Performance of World Top Women Shot-putters

通过文献和数理统计,对2004年至2013年间世界锦标赛和奥运会中女子铅球比赛前8名运动员的平均年龄、平均成绩、发挥率、最优成绩出现的轮次、有效成绩的变异系数进行分析。结果显示,世界优秀女子铅球运动员的平均年龄为26.2岁,平均发挥率为98.79%,超水平发挥率为28.13%,夺冠成绩平均20.74m,前8名的平均成绩为19.52m,有效成绩的变异系数为1.67%;全部6轮次试投中,各轮次成功率逐渐下降,总体成功率为73.16%,前3轮较为平稳,后3轮明显下降;各轮次出现最优成绩频数无显著性差异,显著性水平P=0.126>0.05。我国女子铅球运动员的平均年龄比世界平均水平小约2岁,平均成绩比世界平均水平略低,发挥率和变异系数都比世界平均水平高,说明我国女子铅球运动员技术比较稳定,但要提高绝对实力,加强每轮次的冲击力。

Taking the top eight women shot-putters in the Olympic Games and world championships from 2004 to 2013 as research objects, their average age, average scores, play rate, rounds of getting optimal results and variable coefficient of effective results were studied. It could be concluded that from 2004 to 2013, the average age of the world＇s elite women shot-putters was 26.2, the average playing rate was 98.79%, overachieving rate was 28.13%, the average champion score was 20.74 meters, the average score of the first 8 was 19.52 meters, and the variable coefficient of effective performance was 1.67%. From first round to sixth round, the success rate overall trends decreased and the overall success rate reached to 73.16%, which was relatively stable in the first three rounds, while that of the later three rounds was dramatic declining. The frequency of getting sub-optimal results had no significant differences （P = 0.126 〉 0.05 ）. The average age of the women shot-putters in China was two years younger than that of the world. The average score was slightly lower than that of the world. The play rate and the coefficient of variation was better than that of the world. These analysis showed that the technology of women shot-putters in China was stable, but the absolute strength and the impact in each rounds should be improved.