荒漠草原区牧草品种与施肥对牧草产量及品质的影响

Effect of Pasture Species and Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Pasture in Desert Steppe Zone

以扁穗冰草、蒙古冰草、沙打旺、紫花苜蓿、草木樨和披碱草6个牧草品种为供试作物,以有机肥、废渣、化肥为供试肥料,采用正交实验设计,研究了牧草品种与施肥处理对荒漠草原区牧草产量和品质的影响,以期筛选出适合荒漠草原区牧草种植的最优组合。结果表明:正交设计方法得到干草产量的最优组合为草木樨+有机肥36t/hm2+NPK(N 165kg/hm2、P 135kg/hm2和K135kg/hm2)+工业秸秆渣15t/hm2,此组合与产量最高的处理15的各因素水平完全一致,证实了正交设计结果的可靠性,各因素对干草产量影响均为极显著(P<0.01),影响程度大小为牧草品种>有机肥>NPK>工业废渣;粗蛋白含量的最优组合为紫花苜蓿+有机肥12t/hm2+NPK(N 275kg/hm2、P 225kg/hm2和K 225kg/hm2);影响程度大小为牧草品种>NPK>有机肥>工业废渣,牧草品种对粗蛋白含量的影响极显著(P<0.01),NPK对粗蛋白含量影响显著(P<0.05),有机肥和工业废渣对粗蛋白含量影响不显著(P>0.05);牧草品种以草木樨产量最高,但品质较差,用于草田轮作较好,紫花苜蓿品质最好,产量也高,可作为该地区长期利用的优良饲草,沙打旺适口性最好,作为鲜草饲料较好,禾本科中披碱草品质较好,产量高,可作为优良的禾草饲料;肥料中有机肥和工业秸秆废渣可作为良好的肥料,而工业种子废渣不利于牧草产量的提高,有待进一步研究。

Faking Agropyron cristatum ,Agropyron mongolicum Keng,Astragalus adsurgens ,Medicago sativa ,Melilotus suaveolens ,Elymus dahuricus as materials,using organic manure,industrial waste and chemical fertilizer as fertilizers,the effect of pasture species and fertilizer treatments on yield and quality of pasture in desert steppe zone by orthogonal designed were studied,in order to select the best set of pasture plant and fertilizer,the results showed that the Melilotus suaveolens＋organic manure 36 t/hm2 ＋NPK （N 165 kg/hm2 ,P 135 kg/hm2,K 135 kg/hm2） ＋industrial straw residue 15 t/hm2. The combination was completely consistent with the level of each factor of treatment 15 which had the highest hay yield,it was confirmed by the results of orthogonal design reliability. The influence of various factors on the yield were different very significantly （P〈0. 01） ,the influence degree for species〉organic manure〉NPK2〉industrial waste. The optimal combination of the content of crude protein was Medicago sativa ＋ organic manure 12 t/hm2 ＋ NPK （N 275 kg/hm2 ,P 225 kg/hm2 and K 225 kg/hm2 ）. The influence degree for the speeies〉NPK〉organic manure〉 industrial waste. The effect of varieties on crude protein was different significantly （P〈0. 01）, NPK was significant （P〈0. 05）,organic fertilizer and industrial waste had no significant effect （P〉0. 05）. Melilotus suaveolens had the highest yield,but the quality was poor, which was good for rotation of crops and grass. Medicago sativa had the best quality and high yield, it could he the area of long-term use as the excellent forage grass. Palatability of Astragalus adsurgens was best,as fresh feed was well. Gramineae in Elymus dahuricus had the better quality and high yield,which could he used as the excellent grass feed. Organic manure and industrial waste residue could be used as good fertilizer,and while the seed industry waste residues was not conducive to the improvement of yield, it need further research.