罗尔斯反思平衡的方法论解读

An Interpretation of Rawls' s Methodology of Reflective Equilibrium

一 在《正义论》的最后一节（第87节），罗尔斯对支撑自己理论的方法论原则进行了总结。他反对笛卡尔式的演绎方法论，不认为道德哲学的根本任务是通过发现自明的第一原则去推演出能解释我们的“内省判断”（considered judgments）的道德标准。他也反对所谓的“自然主义”的还原论，认为不可通过非道德概念去定义道德概念，然后通过对事实陈述之真伪的确定去判断道德陈述之真伪。

On the distinction between proof and justifieation explained by Rawls in the last section of A Theory of Justice,this paper clarify in details the deseriptive as well as normative significance for the methodology of reflective equilibrium.It points out how the subject of reflective equilibrium is different from that of personal morality,and works out some implications of the methodology that Rawls himself might have not fully noticed.By briefly explaining why later Rawls endorses politieal liberalism,a richer reading of this methodology in some sense is presented and is used to show how Rawls contributes to the self-understanding and self-actualization of mankind by innovatively practicing the methodology.