4种土壤处理除草剂对龙葵的防除效果及安全性评价

The Effects of Four Soil-applied Herbicides on Control of Solanum nigrum L.and Safety Evaluation

采用盆栽法研究乙氧氟草醚、五氟磺草胺、二甲戊灵、仲丁灵4种土壤处理除草剂对龙葵的防除效果,评价4种药剂对的棉花安全性。结果表明乙氧氟草醚180.0 g/hm2以上时对龙葵出苗率有显著影响,但是随着剂量的增加对棉花抑制也逐渐增强,高剂量严重影响棉花根的生长,抑制率高达40%;五氟磺草胺各处理对龙葵和棉花叶绿素、类胡萝卜素显著降低,严重影响植株生长;仲丁灵只有最高剂量1 584.0 g/hm2对龙葵防效达60.0%,但对棉花安全性差,不仅抑制棉花的出苗,还影响叶绿素和物质的合成;二甲戊灵对棉花和龙葵叶绿素有较小的影响,对其它各项生理指标与对照无显著差异。因此,推荐使用乙氧氟草醚180.0,240.0 g/hm2作为大田施用剂量,能有效防除龙葵,且对棉花安全性较好,不推荐五氟磺草胺施用于棉田。

This article reports the controlling effect of oxyfluorfen ,penoxsulam ,pendimethalin and butralin on Solanum nigrum L.and the safety of its use in cotton .The results of pot experiment indicated that oxyfluorfen above 180.0 g/hm2 was effective incontrolling S.nigrum,but high-dose seriously inhibited the growth of cotton root.The highest dose of butralin 1 584.0 g/hm2 could control S.nigrum effectively,other doses had no signifi-cant effect on S.nigrum.But butralin was not safe for cotton ,it not only inhibited the emergence of cotton ,but also affected the synthesis of chlorophyll and dry matter .Penoxsulam severely inhibited the growth of S.nigrum and cotton ,and affected the weight of cotton root .The recommended dose of oxyfluorfen used in the field is 180.0,240.0 g/hm2,which can control S.nigrum effectively,and better security for cotton.Penoxsulam is not recommended for controlling S.nigrum in cotton field.