兔脱细胞同种异体气管基质衍生材料的形态特征及其生物力学

Morphological characteristics and biological mechanics analysis of rabbit decellularized allograft trachea matrix-derived material

目的 将不同浓度曲拉通（Triton X-100）联合核酸酶对同种异体气管实施脱细胞处理,观察其形态结构与生物力学性能.方法 健康新西兰兔30只,随机分为5组（n=6）.以新鲜未处理的气管作为对照组（A组）,按1％、2％、3％、4％ Triton X-100处理的气管作为实验组（B、C、D、E组）,对照组和实验组处理后行组织学观察,电镜扫描气管内外腔的超微结构,并测量气管长度、厚度、横截面的横径和纵径、弹性模量、最大应力等力学性能指标.并将2％riton X-100处理的脱细胞气管和新鲜气管埋入SD大鼠背下,并于1、4、8周后取出进行组织学观察.结果 A组气管可见大量的气管上皮细胞和软骨细胞,C、D、E组的软骨细胞较A、B组减少,电镜扫描结果显示A组气管内表面有大量的气管上皮细胞纤毛,B、C组气管内表面上皮细胞消失,基底膜完整,D、E组气管基底膜破裂.随着浓度的增加,气管最大应力、弹性模量逐渐降低,只有E组与A组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.植入大鼠背下的2％ Triton X-100处理的脱细胞气管生物相容性良好.结论 2％ Triton X-100处理的脱细胞兔气管基质在形态学及力学方面具有明显优势.

Objective To study the different concentrations of Triton X-100 combined with nuclease to take off the cells from rabbit allograft trachea matrix and analyze the morphological and biomechanical properties.Methods Thirty healthy New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into 5 groups （n =6each）.The tracheas in group A were treated with nothing as control group,and those in groups B,C,D and E were treated with different concentrations of Triton X-100 （1％,2％,3％,and 4％） respectively.The histologic findings were observed with HE stain,and the tracheal inner and outer surface was observed by scanning electron microscope.Length,thickness,transverse diameter and longitudinal diameter of transversal surface,maximum drawing force and elastic modulus were observed.The native trachea and decellularized trachea obtained by 2％ concentration of Triton X-100 were embedded in the back of SD rats,and at 1st,4th and 8th week the tracheas were observed by HE staining.Results There were many epithelial cells and cartilage cells in the tracheas of group A.Cartilage cells in the tracheas of groups C,D and E were less than in groups A and B under the histological observation.There were many epithelium cilia in the tracheas of group A,and in the groups B and C,epithelium cilia disappeared,and basement membrane was intact.Basement membrane was broken in the tracheas of groups D and E.Maximum drawing force and elastic modulus were declined throughout the increase of concentration,but there was significant difference only between group E and group A （P ＜ 0.05）.Implanted decellularized trachea showed good biocompatibility.Conclusion Decellularized rabbit trachea matrix obtained by 2％ Triton X-100 has obvious advantage in morphology and mechanical aspects.