基因型与微环境差异对葡萄果实黄烷-3-醇含量的影响

Effects of different grapevine genotypes and micro-environments on concentrations of flavan-3-ols

【目的】研究葡萄基因型和栽培微环境差异对果实黄烷-3-醇类物质含量及组成比例差异的影响。【方法】以4个酿酒葡萄品种(‘霞多丽’、‘美乐’、‘品丽珠’、‘赤霞珠’)的不同品系及在不同地块生长的葡萄果实为试材,采用高效液相色谱-质谱技术,分析果皮中4种黄烷-3-醇物质的含量及原花色素的组成。【结果】‘品丽珠’2个品系之间各种黄烷-3-醇含量没有显著差异,其他3个品种的不同品系间黄烷-3-醇的含量和组成比例存在一定差异,差异程度因品种而异;‘美乐181’中类黄酮-3′5′-羟化酶(F3′5′H)途径产生的表棓儿茶素(EGC)占总黄烷醇的比例显著高于其他3个品系;‘霞多丽95’与‘赤霞珠170’中则为类黄酮-3′-羟化酶(F3′H)途径产生的黄烷-3-醇物质(儿茶素、表儿茶素和表儿茶素没食子酸酯之和)的百分比较高;定植于不同地块的‘赤霞珠338’果皮中EGC存在差异,其他3种黄烷-3-醇物质差异不明显。【结论】果皮中各种黄烷-3-醇物质含量不仅取决于葡萄品种,也在一定程度上受品系基因型和定植地微环境的影响,遗传因素的影响要大于微环境。

[Objective]The aim of the study was to understand the effects of different grapevine genotypes and micro-ecological environments on the concentration and composition of flavan-3-ols in grape berries. [Method]We adopted high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry （HPLC-MS） to analyze the composition and concentration of flavan-3-ols in berry skins of four grape cuhivars （Vitis vinifera L. ＇ Chardonnay＇, ＇ Merlot＇, ＇ Cabernet Franc＇ and ＇ Cabernet Sauvignon＇）, their clones and the ＇Cabernet Sauvignon 338＇ clones from different growing locations. [Result]The findings showed no significant dif- ference in the concentrations of four flavan-3-ol compounds between two clones of ＇ Cabernet Franc＇ ; but as for the other grape cuhivars, there existed some differences in the composition and concentration of fla- van-3-ols among the clones of the same cuhivar, and the magnitude of difference depended on grape cul- tivars; epigallocatechin that was produced from the flavonoid 3＇5＇-hydroxylase （F3＇5＇H） branch pathway presented significantly higher proportion to total flavan-3-ol concentration in ＇Merlot 181 ＇ than that in other three clones, while ＇Chardonnay 95＇ and ＂Cabernet Sauvignon 170＂ had higher percentage of 3＇- substituted flavan-3-ols from the flavonoid 3＇-hydroxylase （F3＇H） branch pathway, including catechin, epicatechin and epicatechin gallate, when compared with other clones of the corresponding cultivar. Re- garding the same clones grown in different locations, only epigallocatechin exhibited significant difference in the concentration among planting locations and three other flavan-3-ol compounds presented similar levels. [Conclusion]The concentrations of various flavan-3-ols in berry skin are determined not only by grape eultivars, but also by both genotype of grapevine clones and micro-ecological environment of growing locations. The impact of grape genotype seems to be greater than that of micro-ecological environment.