‘新新2’和‘温185’核桃授粉坐果规律与无融合生殖研究

Pollination,fruit setting and apomixes of walnut ‘Xinxin 2' and ‘Wen 185'

【目的】摸清新疆主栽核桃品种授粉受精规律及结实特性，为提高核桃产量及品质提供理论依据。【方法】通过控制授粉技术及对柱头进行不同的处理，观察新疆2个核桃主栽品种‘新新2’和‘温185’雌花柱头可授期、雌雄花可遇期和无融合生殖特性。【结果】核桃雌花柱头有效可授期为6～7d，雌花在开放的1—4d内坐果率最高，为70％－100％；两品种花期相遇大约11—13d左右，同一品种雌雄花期相遇为4d，‘新新2’可进行白花授粉：不同处理方法对核桃无融合生殖率的影响较大，无融合生殖形成的坚果与对照存在一定差异。【结论】雌花有效可授期为6。7d，‘新新2’自然条件下可进行白花授粉，无融合生殖形成的果实略小。

[Objective]The aim of this study was to understand the pollination, fertilization and fruit setting of walnut leading cultivars in Xinjiang to provide a theoretical basis for improving the yield and fruit quali- ty. [Method] The effective pollination period of female flower stigma, the synchronization period of female and male flowers and apomixes characteristics of ＇Xinxin 2＇ and ＇Wen 185＇ were observed by controlling pollination techniques and the different stigma treatment. [Result] The effective pollination period of the female flowers stigma was 6 to 7 d. The fruit setting rate reached the highest level of 70% to 100% during the 1st d to 4th d of the female flower florescence. The flower synchronization time of the two varieties was about 1 ld to 13 d, but the flower synchronization time of different sexual flower in same cultivar was 4 d. The ＇Xinxin 2＇ could be self-pollination. The different treatments had significant influence on apomixes rate, and there were some differences between the nuts from apomixes and the nuts from the control. [Conclusion] The effective pollination period of female flowers was 6 d to 7 d, the ＇Xinxin 2＇ could be self-pollinated under natural condition, but the fruits from the apomixes were slightly smaller.