甜瓜霜霉病抗性研究进展

Research progress of resistance to downy mildew in melon

霜霉病是世界上危害瓜类作物的主要叶部病害之一。综述瓜类作物霜霉菌生理小种、甜瓜霜霉病抗性遗传规律以及抗病育种等方面的研究进展。至今,在美国、以色列和日本确定了6个生理小种,在欧洲存在更多的生理小种类型,而且霜霉菌的致病型和生理小种仍表现出高度的变异性。抗霜霉病遗传规律有单基因遗传和多基因遗传2种模型。培育抗霜霉病的优良品种是解决霜霉病病害的最有效方法。可用的抗性材料和标准的抗性鉴定方法是抗病育种成功的基本要求。甜瓜有许多对霜霉病抗性较好的材料,但是,甜瓜抗霜霉病育种还没有得到较好发展。最近完成的甜瓜全基因组测序使我们更有机会获得准确而全面的甜瓜抗病基因序列。我们期望在将来获得更多关于甜瓜抗霜霉病相关基因的信息用于抗霜霉病育种。分析了当前生产和研究中存在的问题,提出了今后的研究方向。

Downy mildew is a major foliage disease of cucurbit crops in the world. The research progress on physiological races of cucurbit crops downy mildew, and inheritance of the resistance to the disease in melon and resistance breeding against melon downy mildew were summarized. To date, six physiological races have been identified in the USA, Israel and Japan, and many more exist in Europe. Pathotypes and races represent variability in the pathogen population. There are two models for the inheritance of downy mildew resistance in melon, single-gene-mediated and polygenically. Development of cultivars with in- herent resistance to downy mildew is the most effective and economical approach to control downy mildew. Availability of sources o f resistance and using appropriate methods for testing resistance are among the basic requirements for successful breeding for the resistance. There are many sources of resistance in mel- on, however, the breeding for field resistance in muskmelon is not well developed. The recently completed sequencing of the melon genome provides a great opportunity for reliable and thorough study of the se- quence and function of resistance genes in the Cucurbitaceae. It can be anticipated that, in the near fu- ture, we will have more information about the genetic bases of the resistance to downy mildew in melon, which will facilitate efforts to breed for resistance to this pathogen. The questions in present production and studies were analyzed and the research direction in future were presented.