财产权准征收的判定基准

On Hallmark of Inverse Condemnation

财产权准征收是指对财产权的形式限制构成对财产权的实质剥夺。其判定基准为财产权的"一般限制"与"特别限制"所划出的一道清晰界限。基准的建构层面涉及世界观与方法论两大体系。世界观维度是一个多元多维变量所组成的复合系统;方法论维度是在综合考量各变量功能和性质的基础上,实施对象基准→结果基准→综合基准的方法路径。对象基准是判定的前提和起点,是区别财产权"一般限制"与"特别限制"的形式化识别机制;结果基准是判定的实质内核,是区别财产权"一般限制"与"特别限制"的实质化识别机制;综合基准是配套性判定,弥补结果基准功能的不足和局限。此外,基准的设定还须考量平等、比例和信赖利益三项原则。现阶段,在模糊地带应坚持"从严"认定模式,并以"法益衡量论"作为其兜底性判定方法。

Inverse condemnation is a deprivation of property by itself which is constituted by regulatory taking of property rights. Judging whether an act can constitute inverse condemnation tells the differences between ＇ shared restriction＇ and ＇ special restriction＇ of property rights. Such judging needs criteria which based itself on world view and methodology. The world view means a complicate system impacted by lots of variables. Based on comprehensive consideration of function and nature of every variable, the methodology comprises of object criterium, result criterium and catch-all criterium. Judging begins with object criterium which concentrates on the different forms of ＇ shared restriction＇ and ＇ special restriction＇ The nature of judging lay its core in the result criterium which consentrates on the different nature of ＇ shared restriction＇ and ＇ special restriction＇. The catch-all criterium can compensate the flaws and fallbacks of the result criterium. What＇ s more, the setting of criteria must take the principles of equality, proportion and reliance interests into consideration. For the current stage, when judge the vague, we shall be strict and regard the Balance of Legal Interests as our back-up plan.