卡尔·波兰尼的制度理论:市场社会及其“脱嵌的”经济

Karl Polanyi's Institutional Theory:Market Society and Its "Disembedded" Economy

卡尔·波兰尼制度观点的一个根本原则就是任何经济体系都必须被视为一个整体、一个具体的历史的社会组织。这一原则包含着一个比较的方法,以及对传统经济学的批判。此外,经济体制和社会生活的其他方方面面之间的相互关系的问题也不能忽视。基于此,波兰尼指出了市场资本主义社会特有的"经济"本质,并解释了成为这一历史时期特征的制度性转型。"嵌入/脱嵌",是波兰尼用来区分前现代经济与市场经济的一对反义词,如今已经被广泛采用,尤其是在经济社会学家那里,被看作理解当前复杂经济现象的关键所在。然而,对于波兰尼的引用经常预先假定了一个对他的理论的曲解及一个不同的制度方法。

A fundamental principle of Karl Polanyi's institutional outlook is that any economic system has to be considered as a whole and as a historically specific social organization.This principle implies a comparative method and a critique of conventional economics.Besides,the problem of the interrelation between the economic system and other aspects of sociallife cannot be avoided.On this basis,Polanyi points out the peculiar 'economic' nature of the market-capitalist society and explains the institutional transformations characterizing its history.The opposition 'embedded/disembedded,' used by Polanyi to distinguish pre-modern economies from the market economy,has been widely adopted in recent times,particularly by economic sociologists,as a key for understanding current complex economic phenomena.However,the reference to Polanyi often presupposes a distorted interpretation of his theory,and a different kind of institutional approach.