民间信仰与清代四川移民社会整合

Folk Religions and Social Integration of Sichuan Immigrant Society in the Qing Dynasty

作为一种重要的精神要素,祠庙、会馆所体现的民间信仰在清代四川移民社会整合中起着重要的作用。移民入川之初以会馆为舞台、以神灵为媒介而进行的对抗与融合体现了地域文化的对等交流和移民试图融入新的家乡的愿望,清代中期之后会馆祀神出现的分祀、兼祀、合祀甚至改祀等情形体现了移民和土著通过神灵信仰实现社会整合的努力,而清代后期会馆、祠庙纷纷改祀、兼祀关羽的情形则充分说明了移民社会走出狭隘乡土的局限和移民社会整合的实现,同时反映了巴蜀文化的开放性和试图融入全国的努力。

As an important spiritual element, folk religions reflected in the temples and assembly halls played a crucial role in the social integration of Sichuan immigrants in the Qing dynasty. At the early stage, the immigrants depended on the assembly halls and Gods as the platform and channel in the process of confrontation and integration in the new environment. After the mid - Qing dynasty, the sac- rificial rituals to gods by these immigrants and the natives respectively, concurrently, simultaneously, or differently all reflected their eftbrts for realizing social integration through such beliefs. In the late Qing dynasty, the immigrants with changed sacrificial rituals like the worship of General Guan Yu fully illustrated the shift of such immigrant society from a narrow local one to an integrated one, a re- flection of the openness of Ba - Shu culture and its efforts at integrating itself with Chinese culture.