农田秸秆覆盖节水效应及节水机理研究

Effect of water economization of straw mulch in fields and study of mechanism of water economization

本文依据1987～1990年度的试验结果,论证了采取秸秆覆盖农田可有效的降低耗水系数,提高灌溉效益,不仅对当季作物有显著的节水效应,也有利于下茬作物的节水。该措施主要是从蒸发中夺取水量,对“再生资源”——地下水回归量无影响,相对地增加了“土壤水库”的贮水量。其节水机理,一是覆盖的农田可产生调节地温、蓄水保墒、保护表土、抑制杂草、培肥地力、改良土壤等多方面的生态效应,提高了农田的产出效率;二是把减少的棵间蒸发无效水,通过“土壤水库”的调节,转化为叶面蒸腾有效水,提高了用水效率。因此降低了单位产量的耗水量,提高了田间水的有效利用率。

This paper was based on 1987-1990 experimetal results. It has been shown that measure saving waier of mulch straw has function as to reduce effectiully consumption coefficient, improve effect of irrigation and has aviailable saving water this year and more better for next stubble crops. the measure of saving water was able to obtain water from evaporation, for a second resoure--ineffect of underground regression water, increase relatively storage water cf soil reservoir,mechanism of saving water the first. It is to be covered fieids which adjust soil warm conserve soil moisture inhibit weed growth. The secondj It reduced evaporation betwen of plants. unavailable water was transfored into available water cf lefe evapcrationby adjusting soil reservior, improve rate of utilization, water. Both of them common effect is to reduce quility of water consuption of unite yield, improve available water of utilization in the fields.