资源与环境模型标准文档库及其与GIS集成

Standardized Documentation of Models for Resources and Environment and Their Integration with GIS

论述了中国资源与环境模型标准文档库的结构和内容。通过研究总结数学模型及其研究现状发现 ,中国资源与环境模型标准文档库建设需要完善尚有缺陷的数学模型、创建尚缺少的数学模型 ;通过归纳现有数学模型与地理信息系统的现有集成方法发现 ,目前的集成方法不能满足区域可持续发展集成模型的需要 ,据此讨论了数学模型与地理信息系统有效集成需要深入研究的内容。最后 ,提出了通过大量案例研究 ,形成区域可持续发展集成模型和中国资源与环境模型标准文档库 2个软件包的可行研究思路。

On the basis of analyzing and summarizing the research achievements on mathematical models for resources and environment, a framework of standardized documentation of models for resources and environment is proposed. It includes 6 message layers: (1) registration layer provides messages such as abstract of each model, contact address of author or authors and references; (2) technique layer provides messages such as mathematical equation or equations, parameter or parameters, variable or variables, hypothesis or hypotheses and background of resources and environment; (3) mathematical layer provides messages on mathematical foundation of each model; (4) process layer provides messages on construction process or deduction process of each model; (5) program layer provides messages on computer programming of each model; and (6) case study layer provides messages on application case studies of each model. Efficiently integrating mathematical models with GIS is the key technical issue of applying the standardized documentation of models for resources and environment to modelling sustainable development. Methods of integrating mathematical models with GIS can be classified into 4 types: (1) inserting the GIS functions into the software package of mathematical models requires programming in large amounts, which is the disadvantage of this method; (2) inserting mathematical models into GIS absorbs all advantages of existing GIS, but the used models are too simple; (3) coupling mathematical models with GIS loosely includes a standardized GIS software package and a computer program of a mathematical model, of which the disadvantage is that the data exchange is conducted between several different software packages and there is no common interface of users; and (4) coupling mathematical models with GIS closely couples several models with a GIS software package by programming or a macroinstruction. The integration methods of mathematical models with GIS mentioned above could not meet the requirement of constructing the system for modelling sustainable development. They need programming in large amounts, exchanging data between several different softeware packages, or macroinstructions. Our study is to develop an efficient integration method on the basis of the research achivements of Open GIS, by which the operated results of a mathematical model can be displayed on a visual interface supplied for modelers by GIS so long as the mathematical model is written in a common user interface. Finally, a framework of applying the standardized documentation of models for resources and environment to modelling sustainable development is proposed that includes 5 cross functional layers: (1) Geo Information system is to collect and collate information from typical previous case analyses, statistical data, environmental monitoring, remote sensing observation, investigation on the spot and research achievements, and to provide data input, storage, manipulation, analysis, and display capacities for geographical, cultural, political, environmental and statistical data in a common spatial framework; (2) Models for sustainable regional development are to simulate life support system, development support system, environment support system, society support system and intelligence support system of land use and their mutual relations by operating relative models from the standardized documentation of models for resources and environment; (3) Scenarios are to describe the current situation and alternative futures as well as possible ways from the present situation to the alternative futures by establishing the sign map and the diagnosis map; (4) Strategy formulation is to develop an overall approach to achieving its mission and objectives by establishing the action map, in which decision making programs are reasoned by changing various boundary conditions; (5) Strategy implementation is to put the strategy into action through establishing short term objectives, formulating policies, and matching structure with strategy.