关于中国西部干旱区生态环境演变与调控研究的思考

SOME CONSIDERATION ON EVOLUTION AND CONTROL OF ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT OF ARID REGIONS IN WESTERN CHINA

从中国西部干旱区的界定、自然条件特点的分析出发 ,结合国家西部大开发战略的实施 ,指出进行该区生态环境演变与调控研究的重大意义。提出了在时间序列上进行生态环境演变研究 ,在空间结构上开展生态系统结构、功能及生态过程研究 ,在时空耦合界面上探讨重大生态环境问题 ,进行生态系统的调控与管理研究的新思路。并从生态环境形成演变、生态系统结构和功能、重大生态环境问题及生态环境管理等方面探讨了研究工作的技术路线。同时 ,指出了主要研究内容和需要解决的关键科学问题以及将要实现的研究目标。

The arid land in Western China refers to the vast areas in the west of Helan Mountain and the north of Kunlun Mountain. The total area is 2 500 000 km 2. Studying and improving of eco environment of the arid land in that region has significant meaning to the implementation of the national strategy and policy in the speeding up the development in that region, the maintenance of the social order and the territory integration of China. The item studies the scientific problems of the eco environmental evolution of the arid land, the ecological security mechanism of oasis, the degeneration mechanism of eco environment, and the control, adjustment and management of the ecosystem. On the aspect of chronology, it studies the eco environmental evolution over 10 000 year, and quantitatively studies the influence of the natural effect and human activity; On space structure, it studies the structure and function of ecosystem from ecological system, landscape, and regional scale, and the coupling mechanism of the mountainous region, oasis and desert ecosystem and regional characteristics of ecosystem; on the other hand, the coupling of space and chronology is also studied, it comprehensively evaluates quality and analyzes the evolutionary trend of eco environment. It pays more attention to studies of significant problems in the developing process of western region of China. The objective of the item is to define the dynamic capacity, and security threshold and ecological water demand in the arid land of West China. The objective also puts forward the appropriate developing scale, the technical methods of the ecological restoration and rebuilding, the prevention and cure countermeasure of the eco environmental disaster in the arid land. Meantime, the map of regional ecological distribution of the area is made, the eco environmental evolution model, the eco environmental information system and the policy support system are established. The basic frame of the arid land eco environmental theory is set.