黄土高原地区公路边坡重建植被群落初期演替研究

Early Succession of Revegetated Community over Road Slopes on the Loess Plateau

国内高速公路边坡生态建设已经历了10多年的发展历程，但对边坡植被恢复效果及群落演替动态的调查和研究仍显不足，这在一定程度上妨碍了边坡生态恢复技术的改进与创新。文中选择地处黄土高原的陕西省西安～禹门口高速公路合阳段一处公路边坡的植被恢复作为研究案例，经过8年时间的定点调查观测，获取了阴、阳两个坡面上的植被和土壤数据，从覆盖度、物种多样性、群落结构等方面对公路边坡植被恢复效果进行了分析，初步厘清了黄土高原公路边坡植物群落初期演替特点，指出了降水量、土壤硬度和植被建植技术为影响演替的主要限制因子，并据此对公路边坡植被恢复技术改进提出了相关建议。

More than ten years has passed since the ecology construction over road slopes. However, the assessments of the revegetated slope and investigations of the community succession are still of high insufficiency. This to some extent hinders the technique improvement of the slope ecology restoration. This paper takes a section of slope on Xian-Yumenkou Highway in Shaanxi Province which situates on the Loess Plateau as the study background. The data used herein is from an eight-year fixed measurement, during which we surveyed the soil and vegetation from both south and north-facing slopes. Based on the assessments of slope revegetation by multiple factors such as the vegetation fraction, species diversity, and the community structure, we clarify the primary characteristics of the community succession over road slopes from the Loess Plateau. Further observations are that the key factors that influence the vegetation succession include the rainfall, soil hardness, corresponding suggestions on the hydroseeding and the hydroseeding technique. Accordingly we provide technique improvements over road slopes.