高分子-无机复合纳米微球的制备和诊疗应用

Preparation and Theranostic Applications of Polymer-Inorganic Hybrid Nanospheres

目前,高分子-无机复合纳米微球因兼有高分子微球和无机纳米材料两者的性能优势而备受关注。其中,由可塑生物相容性的高分子与拥有特殊光、磁及电学性质的无机物组成的纳米微球,在疾病诊疗中应用前景广阔。功能高分子同多种无机粒子、活性分子可以复合形成多功能纳米微球,用于实现多模态成像诊断和可视化跟踪治疗。本文基于复合纳米微球的各种合成方法介绍,阐述了它们在靶向药物传输、生物成像、细胞分离、生物传感及热疗等诊疗领域的应用。同时,对纳米医疗领域前景和挑战进行了评述,为构建新型诊疗复合纳米微球提供有用信息。

Polymer-inorganic hybrid nanospheres have attracted increasing attention in recent years because of the synergic properties arising from both the polymeric nanospheres and inorganic nanomaterials. Especially, the nanospheres composed by the polymers that have desirable plasticity and biocompatibility, and the inorganic materials with unique optical, magnetic and electric properties are greatly useful in diagnosis and therapy disease. The combinations of functional polymers, inorganic nanomaterials and bioactive molecules can offer synergetic multifunctional nanomedical platforms, which make it possible to accomplish multimodal imaging and monitoring therapy. This article provides a review on the synthetic methodologies for building hybrid nanospheres, and their applications in targeted drug delivery, bio-imaging, cell separation, biosensing and hyperthermia. Perspective and challenges in nanomedical fields are discussed to provide the reference information for development of novel theranostic hybrid nanospheres.