福建省滨海城市雨水适应性景观应用之对策

Application of Countermeasure Research on Rain Adaptive Landscape in Fujian Coastal Cities

因福建省的滨海城市大都地处沿海,所以年降水量丰富,而地带性土壤则为赤红壤的特性值得注意。随着城市化速度的加快,大量不透水铺装的使用,使得暴雨径流增大,从而引发了城市内涝、水污染以及淡水资源匮乏等问题。同时又由于地下排水基础设施即将大规模改造或者扩建,解决城市的雨水问题,便成了当务之急。在此基础上,探讨了以雨水适应性景观的方式来处理城市的雨水问题,并借鉴国外管理雨水的经验,拟建立以"线状"滞留疏导景观为骨架,结合"点状"集水景观,融合"面状"透水要素,构成初级、中级、高级三级分级削减的雨水适应性景观网络系统,从而达到了对城市雨水进行有效控制与利用的生态目标、降低基础设施投资与维护成本的经济目标以及满足城市民众游憩休闲娱乐要求的目标。

Coastal cities of Fujian province are located in the southeastern coast of China, where annual rainfall is abundant. Latosolic red soil is Fujian’s zonal soil. With urbanization development, large using of waterproof paving in cities enlarges the storm runoff, which results in urban inland inundation, water pollution, fresh water resource deifciency and other problems. It is high time to solve these problems because urban subsurface drainage infrastructure will be reconstructed and extended in large scale in Fujian Province. This paper devotes to discuss the ways of solving urban rainwater problems by creating rain adaptive landscape. Linear retention and dredge landscape skeleton is established combining with dotted water landscape and surface permeable elements for reference to foreign rainwater management experience. Rainwater adaptive landscape network system is constituted in primary, forming intermediate and advanced cutting down levels step by step. Therefore, the ecological goals of controlling and utilizing urban rainwater effectively, the economic goals of reducing infrastructure construction and maintenance cost, and the entertainment goals of meeting citizen’s recreation requirements can all be achieved.