亚里士多德与孔子论“射”——德性伦理的理性逻辑与情感逻辑

On Archery of Aristotle and Confucius: Rational Logic and Emotional Logic of Virtue Ethics

亚里士多德和孔子都曾用"射"来说明中庸德性,但各有特色。亚里士多德论"射"关注射箭之理,目的在于善,价值指向是幸福,侧重于功能实现卓越;其理论预设是灵魂,人的灵魂的本质所在就是理性,故其德性论是一种理性逻辑。孔子论"射"关注射箭之德,目的在于礼,价值指向是和谐,侧重于情感表现中和;其理论预设是天道,天道下贯而成的人道始于情感,故其德性论是一种情感逻辑。通过中西方这两条传统德性伦理学路径的对比发现,当今德性伦理学的复兴不仅需要亚里士多德之学,也需要孔子之学。

Aristotle and Confucius illustrate golden mean by archery while with its own characteristics . Aristotle pays attention to the principle of archery , whose aim is good , value direction is happiness , and excel-lence of function realization is his focus .Since Aristotle thinks that rationality of the soul is its essence , his theory of virtue is based on the rationality logic .Confucius concerns about the morality of archery , which aim is LI, and value direction is harmony .Confucius’ theoretical supposition is TianDao and RenDao manifested from TianDao is evolved from emotion , then we can say that Confucius ’ theory of virtue obeys the emotional logic.Through the contrast of the two traditional paths of virtue ethics between China and West , we can make the conclusion that revival of virtue ethics of the time not only need Aristotle ’ s theory , but also Confucius ’ .