立宪,利在何处——清末预备立宪中关于立宪之利的争论述评

What is Benefits of Constructing Constitutional Government——About Argument of Benefits of Constructing Constitutional Government in Preparing Constructing Constitutional Government of the Late Qing Dynasty and Its Influence

按宪政的基本定义,立宪之利在于保障人权,然而在清末预备立宪中,对立宪之利的争论却非以此为议题,而是围绕着立宪能否巩固君权、立宪能否抵制革命、立宪能否富国强兵这三点展开,主张立宪的官员极力渲染立宪巩固君权、抵制革命、富国强兵之利,反对立宪的官员则一一予以反驳。晚清政府预备立宪对立宪之利的特殊追求,是宪政在近代中国的特殊语境及内涵的表现,但事实上在清末中国,立宪或可留住皇位,却绝无可能永保君权不失;可能抵制革命,却更可能催化革命,是国家长治久安之道,却无急速富强之效。以宪政为包治百病的万应灵丹,把一些本不属于宪政甚至与宪政相反的东西掺入宪政,势必增加立宪的难度及复杂性。

From the basic definition of constitutional government , the benefit of constructing constitution-al government is safeguarding human rights .However , argument of the benefit of constructing constitutional government in the late Qing Dynasty centred on whether constructing constitutional government can cement im -perial power , resist revolution and make the country rich and strong .It reflects the special context and inten-sion of constitutional government of china in the late Qing Dynasty that the late Qing government pursued spe -cial benefits of constructing constitutional government .In fact, constructing constitutional government may keep the throne , but not to keep imperial power , it may resist revolution or catalyze revolution , and it may maintain long-term peace and order in a country , but can not make the country rich and strong in a short time . If we think constitutional government can do anything , and make something that has nothing to do with consti-tutional government into it , constructing constitutional government will be more complicated and difficult .