EPR制度下政府与家电生产企业博弈与激励机制研究

Research on Game between Government and Appliances Manufacturers and the Incentive Mechanism in the Light of EPR

在众多外部环境中,政府是影响企业行为的一个重要因素。对国内外废旧家电回收处理再利用实践与回收处理政策法规的分析发现,与发达国家相比,我国在废旧家电回收处理再利用方面还存在很大差距,如我国废旧家电回收处理相关法规缺乏细则,在家电逆向物流系统构建中,针对政府与企业博弈关系的研究不多,缺乏有限理性与动态性方面的研究。文章通过构建基于EPR的政府与家电生产企业博弈模型,研究政府激励机制对生产企业积极承担废旧家电回收责任的影响。研究结果表明,政府管制能够推动家电生产企业主动承担责任,政府有效监管是废旧家电规范化回收与市场化运作的必要条件;政府通过罚款的放大效果,能够促使家电生产企业自觉向"承担责任"方向倾斜;政府通过对单位罚金和单位奖金的适度设计,能更好地发挥EPR制度的激励作用。实践中,可借鉴国外EPR制度成功经验,通过经济与非经济激励机制的有效实行,促使企业积极参与废旧家电回收。

Among all the external environments, government is the most important factor having impacts on enterprises＇ activities. By analyzing the practice of waste appliances recycling and the related policy and regulation, we can find that China seriously lagged behind other advanced countries and there is the lack of detailed related rules and regulation and the lack of research on bounded rationality and dynamics. By developing the model of game between government and appliances manufactures based on ERP, the author analyzes the impact of government incentive mechanism on appliances manufacturers＇ initiative to shoulder the responsibility on waste appliances recycling. The research shows that government control can help encourage appliances manufacturers to initiatively shoulder the responsibility on waste appliances recycling; the appropriate design of penalty and bonus system will give full play to the role of EPR in encouraging. In practice, we can learn from the experiences of other countries and encourage the enterprises to shoulder the responsibility on waste appliances recycling by effectively implementing economic and non-economic incentive mechanism.