美国资优教育政策探究

A Probe into the Gifted and Talented Education Policies in America

美国资优教育的发展由来已久且较为成熟。在理论与制度层面上,联邦政府及各州都制定了资优教育的相关政策,尤其在资优儿童识别、财政资金支持、教育教学服务、教师专业发展等方面富有成效与特色。但在现实与操作层面上,美国资优教育政策出现了各州政策不能协调一致、财政投入匮乏、为资优学生提供的服务较少、对教师培训重视不够等问题。对美国资优教育政策的探究,无疑有助于推动我国资优教育的发展。

The development of the gifted and talented education has a long history and is comparatively mature in America. In the theory and system level, the federal government and 50 state-governments have established gifted and talented education policies, which mainly focus on the identification of the gifted and talented children, the support of finan- cial fund, education service and teacher development. However, in the reality and operation level, there are some problems in the American gifted and talented education policies, such as the inconsistency of the state policies, the deficiency of the financial fund, the lack of the serve provided for the gifted students and the ignorance of the teacher training. The re- search of the gifted and talented education policy in America is a contribution to the devel- opment of gifted and talented education in China.