南方某焚烧厂周围居民环境健康认知现状调查

Investigation of the Environmental Health Cognitive Status of Residents around the Waste Incineration Plant

目的:了解南方某垃圾焚烧厂周围居民环境健康认知现状,比较焚烧厂周围3个区域居民认知水平的差异。方法:2012年10月-11月选取距离南方某垃圾焚烧厂2、5、10公里区域的1043名居民作为调查对象,进行面对面问卷调查。问卷内容主要包括居民基本信息和环境健康认知情况,采用χ2检验分析3个区域居民认知情况的差异。结果:调查对象对周围环境污染认知程度较高,工业污染、垃圾污染、汽车尾气、噪音污染的认知率均在60%及以上,有较高比例(68%)的居民认为周围环境污染程度不可接受。在环境污染健康损害知识的知晓方面,铅中毒知晓率最高(63%),其他5种常见公害病的知晓率均较低,二恶英的知晓率仅为17%。不同区域比较结果显示:2公里区域居民认为周围存在垃圾污染和工业污染,相比5年前污染有所加重且比例高于其他两地区(均P<0.01);2公里区域居民对二恶英的知晓率仅为10%,低于其他两区域(P<0.05)。结论:垃圾焚烧厂周围居民对环境污染的认知程度较高,但是其垃圾焚烧相关健康知识的知晓水平较低,尤其是距离焚烧厂2公里区域居民。

Objective ： To explore the environmental health cognitive status of residents around the waste incineration plant, and compare the cognition differences between the three regions. Methods： 1043 residents from three regions （from incineration plants 2 kin, 5 km and 10 km area） around the southern incineration plant were selected as subjects from October to November 2012. Face - to - face questionnaire was used, included residents＇basic information and environmental health cognition. The cognitive differences of three regions were analyzed by chi - square tests. Results： Subjects were with high awareness of environmental pollution around them. More than 60% of the residents were aware of industri- al pollution, waste pollution, vehicle exhaust and noise pollution, and 68% of the residents thought that the level of environmental pollution around was unacceptable. With respect to the hazards of environmental pollution on human health, lead poisoning showed the highest awareness rate（63% ）, but five other pollution diseases were less known （all below 26% ）. In terms of the comparison of different districts, proportion of residents who were ware of waste pollution and industrial pollution in 2 km region were significantly higher than in the other two regions （ P 〈 0. 01 ）. Residents living in 2km region were lower awareness of dioxins compared.with other regions （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusion： Residents around the incineration plants are seriously concerned about the environmental pollution, but show deficiency of health knowledge related to waste incineration, especially the residents in 2 km region.