花椒采摘机的设计与试验

Design and Experiment on Pepper Picking Machine

针对目前花椒收获机械化程度低,损失率高的缺点,设计了一种机械式花椒采摘机。该机利用拨椒轮高速旋转时产生的梳刷作用和拨椒轮与弧形凹板间相对运动所产生的搓擦作用收获花椒。通过花椒采收试验,利用正交试验设计,探讨了不同工艺参数对采收效果的影响。试验数据分析显示,3个工艺参数对采收率影响大小顺序为为拨椒轮转速、凹板间隙和拨椒轮横杆数。该机的最优工作参数组合为,拨椒轮转速250 r/min、凹板间隙3 mm、拨椒轮横杆数4个,该机具采收率高,花椒及其枝叶损伤小。

According to the disadvantages of pepper harvesting at present, such as low level of mechanization and high rate of injury, the me- chanical pepper picking machine was designed. The machine use combing action produced by high-speed rotating of picking pepper wheel and rubbing action produced by relative motion between picking pepper wheel and arc concave. Through picking test, using the orthogonal experimen- tal design, the effects of different parameters of pepper picking machine on the harvest effect were studied. The result shows that ： the three fac- tors affect significantly the recovery efficiency is speed of picking pepper wheel concave clearance boom number of picking pepper wheel. The best parameter combination is laser power 250 r/min, concave clearance 3 mm, and boom number of picking pepper wheel 4. The machine has the advantages of high recovery efficiency and low damage to pepper and its branch leaves.