人工湿地强化脱氮研究进展

Research progress in the enhancement of nitrogen removing by constructed wetlands

脱氮效率不高一直是困扰人工湿地应用的问题之一,如何强化人工湿地脱氮已成为近年来的研究热点。人工湿地对于氮的去除作用主要有氮的挥发、水生植物的吸收、基质的吸附、沉淀以及微生物的硝化与反硝化作用,也发现了一些新的脱氮途径,如短程硝化反硝化、同步硝化反硝化等。从湿地结构改进、运行方式优化、建立湿地组合系统、基质优选、植物筛选、微生物调控等方面详细论述了人工湿地强化脱氮措施及净化效果,以期为人工湿地技术优化与工程应用提供参考。

Low nitrogen removing efficiency has been one of the problems that disturbs the application of constructed wetlands. How to enhance denitrification by constructed wetlands is one of research hot spots in recent years. Con- structed wetlands act on nitrogen removing mainly by way of nitrogen volatilization, absorption of aquatic plants, ad- sorption of substrate, precipitation, and microbial nitrification and denitrification. Moreover, some new routes of den- itrification have also been found, such as short-range nitrification and denitrification, synchronous nitrification and denitrification, etc. Measures to enhance constructed wetlands nitrogen removal and purification effect are expound- ed in detail ＇ including improvement of wetlands structure,optimization of operating conditions,establishment of combined system with other types of constructed wetlands,optimization of substrates and plants,microorganisms regulation, etc., so as to provide reference for the optimization and engineering application of constructed wetland technique.