双重供货模式下的装配系统协调机制设定与优化

Coordination in assembly system under dual supply modes

建立了由两供应商、单制造商构成的基于双重供货模式的装配系统,其中:制造商需要向供应商1订购零部件,而供应商2对制造商采用VMI模式供应零部件.分析在供应商生产时间不确定的前提下,装配系统的订货时间决策与协调问题.研究结果表明,分散模式下的供应链总体成本和准时供货率均劣于集中模式.当制造商对供应商采用传统的激励机制时,尽管能够降低供应链成本,但并不能使得系统总成本达到集中模式下的系统最优成本.采用改进的激励机制时,可以实现分散模式下系统总成本的完全协调,但并不能保证实现Pareto改善.在此基础上,进一步找到能使系统达到整体绩效最大化的协调机制,并且可以实现系统成本的有效分配.

An assembly system consisting of a single assembler who buys components from two independent suppliers is established. Assembler needs to order core component from supplier 1, and supplier 2 provides assembler with complementary component under VMI mode. Ordering policy and coordination in such assembly system with stochastic lead times of components have been analyzed. Under decentralized mode, the optimal total cost of the system is higher than centralized mode while the service level is worse. When using a traditional incentive contract, the optimal total cost of the system can be reduced, but cannot achieve the optimal one under centralized mode. When using an improved contract, it can be optimized to the centralized mode, but Pareto improvement between assembler and supplier will not be achieved under some cases. Based on these two contracts, a linear transfer payment scheme is proposed which can achieve perfect coordination in this assembly system.