2012年医院感染横断面调查与分析

Cross-sectional survey and analysis on nosocomial infection in 2012

目的了解医院感染现患率,为医院感染预防和控制措施提供科学依据。方法按"2012年全国医院感染横断面调查计划书"要求,采取床旁与病历调查相结合的方法,对2012年4月27日的住院患者进行调查,包括当日出院、转科、死亡的患者,不包括当天新入院的患者。结果实查住院患者1 827例,发生医院感染100例、125例次,医院感染现患率为5.47%、例次感染率为6.84%;综合ICU医院感染率最高占51.85%;医院感染部位以下呼吸道居首位,共55例次占44.00%;其次为泌尿道感染,29例次占23.20%;下呼吸道感染中气管切开相关性肺炎及呼吸机相关性肺炎分别占32.73%、18.18%;泌尿道感染中导尿管相关性尿路感染占65.52%;医院感染病原菌鲍氏不动杆菌占18.99%,排在第1位;抗菌药物的使用率为44.94%。结论应加强对高危科室的目标性监测,减少侵入性操作,合理使用抗菌药物,以降低医院感染发生率。

OBJECTIVE To investigate and analyze the prevalence of nosocomial infection to provide a scientific basis for nosocomial infection prevention and control measures. METHODS According to the reference of “2012 National Hospital Infection： a cross-sectional survey plan”, the survey was conducted by means of bedside visits combined with medical history. Inpatients admitted on Apr. 27, 2012 were investigated, including patients who discharged, transferred to other departments or dead on that day except patients newly admitted. RESULTS Among the 1827 inpatients, the rate of nosocomial infection was 5. 72 % （100/1827） and the case-time nosocomial infection rate was 29.23% （125/1827）; the ICU had the highest prevalence rate of 51. 85%. Nosocomial infection in lower respiratory tract ranked the first （55 case-times, 44.00%）, followed by urinary tract infection （29 case-times, 23.20%）.In lower respiratory tract infection, tracheostomy and ventilator associated pneumonia accounted for 32. 73% and 18.18%. In urinary tract infection, catheter associated urinary tract infection accounted for 65. 52%; among of all the pathogens isolated, Acinetobacter baumannii was the most, accounting for 18. 99 %; the use rate of antibiotic ageny was 44.94%. CONCLUSION Target monitoring for high-risk departments should be strengthened, so as to rationaly use antibiotic ageny, Invasive operations should be reduced in order to reduce the incidence of nosocomial infection.