医护人员职业暴露危险因素分析与防护对策

Risk factors for occupational exposures among medical staff and prevention countermeasures

目的收集、分析医护人员职业暴露的情况,建立可靠的监测报告系统,为制定职业暴露的防护对策提供参考依据。方法收集2009年1月-2012年7月医院医护人员职业暴露资料,进行数据统计及原因分析。结果 2009年1月-2012年7月共有90名医护人员报告的职业暴露,外科是发生职业暴露的高危科室,占55.56%;锐器伤是职业暴露的最常见原因,占85.55%;护士是职业暴露的最高危人群,占77.78%;血源性疾病为主要的职业暴露源,发生率为77.78%。结论职业暴露是医护人员面临的高危风险,注射疫苗、建立快速有效地监测报告机制、加强高危人群的职业防护培训、暴露后及时处理伤口及合理用药均是降低职业感染的有效方法。

OBJECTIVE To collect and analyze the incidence of occupational exposures among the medical staff and establish reliable monitoring and report system so as to put forward corresponding prevention countermeasures. METHODS From Jan 2009 to Jul 2012, the data were collected from the medical staff with occupational exposures, then the statistical analysis was performed, and the causes were analyzed. RESULTS From Jan 2009 to Jul 2012, totally 90 medical staff with occupational exposures have been reported, the department of surgery was at high risk of the occupational exposures, accounting for 55. 56 %; the sharp instrument injury was the leading cause of the occupational exposures, accounting for 85. 55 %; the nurses were the population at highest risk of the occupational exposures, accounting for 77. 78 % ; the blood-borne disease was the major occupational exposure source, and the incidence rate was 77. 78 %. CONCLUSION The medical staff are at high risk of the occupational exposures; it is an effective way to vaccinate, establish rapid and effective surveillance and report system, strengthen the occupational protection training, treat the wound in a timely manner, and reasonably use antibiotics so as to reduce the incidence of occupational infections.