中国哲学中的理性观念

The Idea of Reason in Chinese Philosophy

在中国哲学中,体现于"思"的理性,首先与"心"相关。心之"思"既展开为具体的活动,又以理、道等为内容。从思维的趋向看,中国哲学视域中的理性,更多地呈现辩证的性质。与之相关,在这种理性形态中,认知意义上对事(物)与理的把握以及评价意义上对价值的判断和确认,构成了彼此相关的两个方面。与赋予认识意义上的理性(心之"思")以认知和评价双重内容一致,中国哲学对实践过程中的合理性(rationality)也作了广义的理解,使之同时包含"情"与"理"二重涵义。以上二重趋向从不同的方面体现了中国哲学对广义理性的理解。进入近代以后,传统哲学对理性的理解依然得到某种延续。在这方面,梁漱溟的看法具有一定的代表性,他对"理性"的诠释,可以视为中国传统哲学的理性观念在近代的回响。

In Chinese philosophy,reason reflected in 'thinking'(si)is primarily related to the'heart'(xin).The'thinking'of the heart unfolds as specific activities,but its main content always follows reason,the Tao,etc.Reason,from the perspective of Chinese philosophy,is dialectical in nature.In this form of reason,grasping matter and reason in the cognitive sense,as well as the judgment and confirmation of value in the normative sense,constitute the two interrelated aspects of reason.Chinese philosophy also provides a generalized understanding of rationality in practice,thus infusing it with the dual meaning of emotion and reason.Those two tendencies embody the understanding of generalized reason in Chinese philosophy from different aspects.Since modern times,the understanding of reason in traditional philosophy has still been carried on in some form or another.Liang Shuming's interpretation of'rationality'is representative in that respect,which can be regarded as a modern echo of the idea of reason in traditional Chinese philosophy.