文章千古事---儒学视野中的《文心雕龙》

Essays as Eternal Things: The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons from the Confucian Perspective

在近百年的"龙学"历程中,《文心雕龙》的研究主要停留在文艺学的视野中,虽然取得了丰硕的成果,但在很多问题的认识上,离刘勰及其《文心雕龙》的实际越来越远了。刘勰的"文"乃是今天我们所谓"文学"和"文章"的总和,刘勰著《文心雕龙》的初衷是要对孔门四教之一端——"文教"进行研究。所谓"安有丈夫学文,而不达于政事哉",正因为"文"与"政"原本是密不可分的,"文"的能力也就关乎"政"的能力,学文必然通向学政。因此,《文心雕龙》既是"文艺学"的、"文学概论"的,对所谓"文学创作"有着重要意义,同时又是"写作学"、"秘书学"乃至"新闻学"的,它着眼于一个人的文字、文化能力和修养,进而着眼于一个人的人文素养和基本能力,从而关乎一个人的人生境遇和全部事业。无论在古代还是现代,《文心雕龙》都应该是我们的一部文化修养和文章写作的教科书。

During the research course of The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons for nearly a century,thestudies have been mainly come from an aesthetic perspective.Although fruitful results have been achieved,we are more and more distant from the reality of Liu Xie and his book.'Wen'in the mind of Liu was the sum of what we call'literature'and'articles'today.The original intention of Liu Xie writing The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons was to study'belles lettres and education'as one of the four Confucian leitmotivs.The reason why he asked rhetorically'is there any possibility for a man learning to write essays but not aiming at the political affairs?'was that'essays'and'politics'are inextricably linked.The ability express oneself through essay is connected to the ability to succeed in politics,and studying belles lettres will inevitably lead to learning politics.Therefore,The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons is not only a book of aesthetics and introduction to literature,but also a book of grammatology,of secretarial studies,and even of journalism.It focuses on one's ability and accomplishment in writing and culture,and focuses on one's humanistic cultivation as well as basic moral capacity,thus pertaining to one's circumstances in life and entire career.The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons should be a textbook on cultural cultivation and article writing in both ancient and modern times.