国家元首更替制度的比较透视

The Succession System of Head of State:a Comparative Perspective

国家元首更替制度问题既是一个宪法问题,也是一个政治问题,同时,它还是一个具有现实意义的问题。从类型化的角度来看,国家元首的更替制度主要包括禅让制、世袭制、民主选举制。抽象而论,这三种制度都有自己的优势,但也有各自的弊端。在现代社会,无论是禅让制还是世袭制,都很难作为主导性的国家元首更替制度,民主选举制具有更大的比较优势。民主选举国家元首的具体方式是一个技术性问题,需要从技术的角度予以论证。

The succession system of state leaders is a constitutional problem,apolitical problem,and also a problem with practical significance.The succession system of state leaders mainly includes the abdication system,the hereditary system,and the democratic election system.Those three kinds of systems all have their own advantages and disadvantages.In modern societies,neither the abdication system nor the hereditary system can act as the dominant succession system for state rulers;the democratic election system has a greater advantage.The specific way of selecting a head of state by democratic election is a technical issue,which needs to be demonstrated technically.