喀什市维吾尔族和汉族重度婴幼儿龋危险因素的横断面研究

Prevalence and Risk Factors for Severe Early Childhood Caries for Uyghur and Han Children in Kashi City: An Cross-sectional Study

目的调查新疆喀什市3～5岁维吾尔族和汉族重度婴幼儿龋的流行情况及相关危险因素，为该地区儿童龋病的防治提供科学依据。方法根据2005年第三次全国口腔健康流行病学调查方案和技术要求，采用多阶段、分层、整群抽样的方法，抽取喀什市城乡10所双语幼儿园共893名3，5岁汉、维族儿童进行口腔筛查，并采用问卷调查家长对儿童的喂养方式、饮食习惯等。采用SPSS17．0软件进行统计分析。结果该市儿童乳牙患龋率为74．69％，重度婴幼儿龋的患病率为39．19％。logistic回归分析结果显示：重度婴幼儿龋患病的危险因素为低年龄[OR=1．537，95％CI（1．132，2．086），P=0．006]、饮用可乐等碳酸饮料[OR=1．448，95％CI（1．008，2．080），P=0．045]、进食水果[OR=1．840，95％CI（1．347，2．512），P=0．000]、饮用牛奶等奶制品[OR=1．794，95％CI（1．311，2．456），P=0．000]的频率更高，刷牙后／睡前进食次数更多[OR=1．833，95％CI（1.199，2．802），P=0．005]和开始刷牙的年龄更晚[OR=2．053，95％CI（1．448，2．910），P=0．000]。保护因素为刷牙频率更高[OR=0．612，95％CI（o．445，0．844），P=0．003]和家庭收入更高[OR=0．526，95％CI（0．423，0．654），P=0．000]。结论喀什市3～5岁儿童重度婴幼儿龋的患病率较高，应加强口腔疾病防治宣教活动，早期开展儿童龋病的防治工作。

Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of sever early childhood caries （SECC） among 3 to 5 years old children of Uyghur and Han in Kashi city, and to provide scientific basis for the establishment of oral hygiene policies for caries prevention and diagnostic among children. Methods According to the basic methods of Third National Oral Health Investigation in 2005, a stratified multistage cluster randomly sampling design was applied. The deciduous car- ies of 893 Uyghur and Han children aged from three to five in ten kindergartens of Kashi city were clinically examined. Data were collected by questionnaire from their parents, and the result analyzed using SPSS 17.0 software. Results The caries prevalence rate of primary tooth was 74.69% and the total prevalence of SECC was 39.19%. The risk factors for SECC include lower age （OR=1.537, 95% CI 1.132 to 2.086, P=0.006）, the more frequencies of drinking coke （OR=1.448, 95% CI 1.008 to 2.080, P=0.045）, eating fruits （OR=1.840, 95% CI 1.347 to 2.512, P=0.000）, drinking milk （OR=1,794, 95% CI 1.311 to 2.456, P=0.000）, and before bedtime eating or after brush eating （OR=1.833, 95% CI 1.199 to 2.802, P=0.005）, as well as the higher age of starting brush （OR=2.053, 95% CI 1.448 to 2.910, P=0.000）. The protective factors for SECC include the more fre- quency of brushing （OR= 0.612, 95% CI 0.445 to 0.844, P=0.003）, and higher household income （OR=0.526, 95% CI 0.423 to 0.654, P=0.000）. Conclusion There is a high prevalence of SECC in Kashi city. It is necessary to strengthen the prevention and education activities, and perform early preventive works for caries disease of children.